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IRR: Agreement Among Coders is Key
For years I have been engaged in a quantitative study at Guatemalaâs Historic Archive of the National Police, or AHPN. (See the blogposts below.) In this study coders collect data on sheets of paper according to criteria established and explained in manuals. But when collecting data, thereâs always room for human errorâthis is why the validity of the study hinges on verifying that coders use the correct criteria.
It is important to mention that the mainstay of coding is the use of a controlled vocabulary. A controlled vocabulary gives analysts a framework, or frame of reference, when converting qualitative information into categories ...
Podcast: Dr. Megan Price Explores Fact Finding in a Failed State
How do scientists and statisticians stand up to authoritarianism, especially when it happens in their home countries?
Data on Kosovo Migration
[popup citation="For migrations: Ball, Patrick. (2000). AAAS/ Human Rights Data Analysis Group database of migrations in Albania and Kosovo. For killings: Patrick Ball, Wendy Betts, Fritz Scheuren, Jana Dudukovich, and Jana Asher. (2002). AAAS/ABA-CEELI/Human Rights Data Analysis Group database of killings in Kosovo. For other data: Human Rights Data Analysis Group. (2002). Database of NATO airstrikes, geographic coding, and KLA activity in Kosovo."]
The data on migration from Kosovo are in seven files. All of the files are comma-delimited ASCII. The fields in each file are described below. For more information, see Policy or Panic, section A1, pp. ...
Lessons at HRDAG: Holding Public Institutions Accountable
Principled Data Processing is a way to prove to someone, usually yourself, that what you did was right.
HRDAG Analysis Supports Efforts to Hold Salvadoran Commanders Accountable for 1989 Jesuit Massacre
Almost a quarter century ago, on November 16, 1989, six Jesuit scholars, their housekeeper and her 15-year-old daughter were massacred inside the University of Central America (UCA) in San Salvador, El Salvador. Their chief target was the rector of the countryâs leading university. The murders were carried out by members of the elite Atlacatl Battalion, acting on the direct orders of the highest-ranking members of the Salvadoran military. The United Nationsâsponsored Truth Commission for El Salvador found that members of the Salvadoran military's high command âgave...the order to kill Father Ignacio EllacurĂa and to leave no witnesses.â ...
Violence in Blue
Note from the author (June 2020)
The largest public demonstrations in a generation are at this moment demanding reform or abolition of the police in the United States.[1] The overwhelming and destabilizing violence by police against protesters has been egregiously disproportionate to the threats to property posed by a tiny minority of the demonstrators. Thanks to cell phone video and media coverage, Americans seem to be noticing, and there may be sufficient political momentum for meaningful change.
It is essential in this moment to remember how authorities will respond to this pressure. Always, those authorities will claim that their extraordinary ...
All of the ways we remember: How data scientists hold memory with and for survivors
Those most vulnerable to state violence are already marginalized and undercounted, their experiences ignored or minimized in official sources. To avoid perpetuating these harms in our analyses, we have to find ways to incorporate unofficial data sources and all of the ways we remember.
The Art and Science of Coding AHPN Documents
The coding, from my perspective, is the heart of the project. I say this, because the coding team has the responsibility of selecting documents according to the random sample, recording the documentsâ contents, and applying the criteria to convert that content into an entry in a quantitative database. Not to mention the fact that this team has the privilege of being in direct contact with the documents.
At present, because of advanced organizational processes, not everyone has a chance to hold an original document in their hands. The quantitative study had many advantages in this regard; since we started work in parallel with the archival ...
Counting the Dead in Sri Lanka
ITJP and HRDAG are urging groups inside and outside Sri Lanka to share existing casualty lists.
Press Release, Chad, January 2010
NEW STUDY DOCUMENTS HISSĂNE HABRĂâS OVERSIGHT OF POLICE PRISONS WHERE THOUSANDS DIED
10th Anniversary of Indictment of Chad Ex-Dictator
January 29, 2010, NâDjamena, Chad and Palo Alto, CA, U.S. - On the 10th anniversary of the first indictment of HissĂšne HabrĂ© in Senegal, the Benetech Human Rights Data Analysis Group (HRDAG) released a new study showing that the former Chadian dictator was well informed of the hundreds of deaths that occurred in prisons operated by his political police. This information could be critical in the long delayed prosecution of HabrĂ© who has been accused of killing and systematically torturing thousands of politi...
Violence in Blue: The 2020 Update
HRDAG has refreshed a 2016 Granta article about homicides committed by police in the United States.
Teach In on Data for Police Accountability | January 22, 2026 in Oakland, CA
For decades, law enforcement agencies across the United States have operated behind walls of secrecyâparticularly when officers abuse their power or use lethal force. That opacity has real consequences for communities seeking truth, justice, and accountability.
On Thursday, January 22, 2026, HRDAG is proud to co-sponsor The Wandering Officer: New Databases for Police Accountability, a public event in Oakland exploring how data, journalism, and community organizing are reshaping whatâs possible for police accountability in California and beyond.
Register here.
After California passed and strengthened the 2018 Right to Know Act, journal...
Communiqué de presse, Tchad, January 2010
Une Nouvelle Etude DĂ©montre quâ HissĂšne HabrĂ© supervisait les Prisons de la Police Politique oĂč des Milliers de Personnes Sont DĂ©cĂ©dĂ©es.
10Ăšme Anniversaire de lâInculpation de lâAncien Dictateur Tchadien
Janvier 29, 2010, NâDjamĂ©na, Tchad, Palo Alto, CA, Etats-Unis â A lâoccasion du 10Ăšme anniversaire de la premiĂšre mise en accusation dâHissĂšne HabrĂ© au SĂ©nĂ©gal, le Groupe d'Analyse des DonnĂ©es de Droits Humains de Benetech (GADDH) a rĂ©alisĂ© une nouvelle Ă©tude qui dĂ©montre que lâancien dictateur tchadien Ă©tait bien informĂ© des politiques et des pratiques de sa police politique. Cette Ă©tude pourrait sâavĂ©rer ...
Chad – Photo Essay
[français]
HissĂšne HabrĂ© was president of the former French colony of Chad from 1982 to 1990. Credible allegations of systematic torture and crimes against humanity have been made against HabrĂ©âs state security force, the Documentation and Security Directorate (DDS), which pursued political opponents and operated notorious prisons during his regime.
One prison where the DDS is alleged to have tortured prisoners is the âPiscine,â a former swimming pool covered by a concrete roof. Prisoners were held in ten dank cells where witnesses say they were starved and abused.
After being forced from power in 1990, Habré went into exile ...
Trump Administrationâs Sanctions on the ICC are an Attack on the Rule of Law
The Trump Administration has issued additional sanctions against judges of the International Criminal Court (ICC), further endangering accountability and justice worldwide. Attacks on the ICC were a key factor in HRDAGâs decision to speak out against tyranny in the U.S. late last year, and this ongoing pressure threatens the Courtâs ability to do its vital work. Â
HRDAG condemns these sanctions against the International Criminal Court and calls on the Trump Administration to respect and uphold the independence of the Court.Â
âThe ICC investigates and prosecutes individuals charged with the gravest crimes: genocide, war crimes, crimes ...
14 Questions about Counting Casualties in Syria
In early 2012, HRDAG was commissioned by the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) to do an enumeration project, essentially a count of all of the reported casualties in the Syrian conflict. HRDAG has published two analyses so far, the first in January 2013, and the second in June 2013. In this post, HRDAG scientists Anita Gohdes, Megan Price, and Patrick Ball answer questions about that project.
So, how many people have been killed in the Syrian conflict?
This is a complicated question. As of our last report, in June 2013, we know that there have been at least 93,000 reported, identifiable conflict-related casualties. The ...
How a Data Tool Tracks Police Misconduct and Wandering Officers
Some police officers avoid accountability by âwanderingâ to another agency. HRDAG and partners created a data tool that tracks officersâ employment history.
Tchad – Reportage Photo
[English]
HissĂšne HabrĂ© fĂ»t le PrĂ©sident de lâancienne colonie française du Tchad de 1982 Ă 1990. De nombreuses allĂ©gations crĂ©dibles de torture systĂ©matique et de crimes contre lâhumanitĂ© ont Ă©tĂ© faites contre la Direction de Documentation et de SĂ©curitĂ© (DDS), les forces de lâordre responsables pour la persĂ©cution dâadversaires du rĂ©gime HabrĂ© qui Ă©taient aussi responsables pour lâadministration de nombreuses prisons durant ce rĂ©gime.
âLa Piscineâ est une ancienne piscine qui a Ă©tĂ© couverte par un toit en bĂ©ton. Il est allĂ©guĂ© quâil sâagissait lĂ dâune des prisons de la DDS dans laquelle de nombreux ...
In Solidarity
We stand with our partners and every organizer fighting for justice.